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Title:	Plantation thinning systems in the Southern United States
Author(s):	Stokes, Bryce J.; Watson, William F.
Date:	1996
Source:	Problems and prospects for managing cost effective early thinnings; a report from the concerted action "Cost effective early thinnings"; AIR2-CT93-1538. Horsholm, Denmark: Danish Forest and Landscape Research Institute: 107-121.
Description:	This paper reviews southern pine management and thinning practices, describes three harvesting systems for thinning, and presents production and cost estimates, and utilization rates. The costs and product recoveries were developed from published sources using a spreadsheet analysis. Systems included tree-length, flail/chip, and cut-to-length. The estimated total harvesting, transport, and woodyard cost per m3 of pulpable fiber at the digester was US$24.15 for tree-length and US$19.84 for flail/chip. The same costs for cut-to-length was US$27.66, US$ 27.87, and US$29.15 per m3 for chainsaw, feller-buncher/ processor, and harvester systems, respectively, when producing 2.3-m boltwood. When processing the trees into 5.3-m bolts, the cost for the harvester system was US$29.05. Fiber recovery to the digester was approximately 55 percent of standing biomass for all the systems.
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