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Title:	Expanding the Karyotype of Slash Pine as a Prelude to Physical Mapping
Author(s):	Oard, M.
Date:	1999
Source:	Proceedings of the 25th Biennial Southern Forest Tree Improvement Conference, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
Description:	Cytological exploration of the pine genome has been ongoing for more than a century. For the first seventy years we knew little more than chromosome number for pines. Constancy in chromosome number throughout the genus coupled with uniformity in size and morphology between chromosomes within species has given cytologists few practical means by which to distinguish individual chromosomes in Pinus (Sax and Sax 1933). Several Karyotypes were published between 1950 and 1970 based in tionstriction patterns in chromosomes in haploid tissues but were not reproducible in metaphase spreads from diploid tissues making them of limited utility for routine karyotyping. The task of karyotyping became even more formidable when pines proved recalcitrant to standard chromosome banding procedures like giemsa., DAPI and CMA (Pedrick 1970; Bonan and Papes 1973).
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